Chile

Remote sensing of rock glaciers

In the desert environment of the dry Andes, rock glaciers are one of the most important stores of frozen water. Researchers sought to apply a remote sensing/terrain analysis mapping system for detecting rock glaciers in the Andean environment. Such a system would strengthen Chile’s ability to detect cryospheric water resources where they are most critically needed. At the same time, it would provide expert knowledge to environmental impact evaluations of high-mountain mining projects that are increasingly affecting rock glaciers.

Researchers identified three previously unknown remotesensing approaches that could help detect rock glaciers in remote mountain areas. They carried out, or ordered, image acquisitions for these approaches. A seminar on their findings in Santiago attracted participants from several research and government institutions, as well as consulting and mining companies.

Given his expertise, Alexander Brenning was invited to join an expert group advising Chile’s national environmental protection agency on the implementation of its recently approved National Glacier Policy. In 2011, building on the LACREG research, Dr. Brenning set up a system for the Chilean water directorate to map ground temperatures and locate rock glaciers more effectively. “Mapping is required by law to protect the rock glaciers,” he said. “Tens of thousands of square kilometres need to be mapped in the next 10 years.”